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Young scientists are a powerful resource for change and sustainable development, as they drive innovation and knowledge creation. However, comparable findings on young scientists in various countries, especially in Africa and developing regions, are generally sparse. Therefore, empirical knowledge on the state of early-career scientists is critical in order to address current challenges faced by those scientists in Africa. This book reports on the main findings of a three-and-a-half-year international project in order to assist its readers in better understanding the African research system in general, and more specifically its young scientists. The first part of the book provides background on the state of science in Africa, and bibliometric findings concerning Africa's scientific production and networks, for the period 2005 to 2015. The second part of the book combines the findings of a large-scale, quantitative survey and more than 200 qualitative interviews to provide a detailed profile of young scientists and the barriers they face in terms of five aspects of their careers: research output; funding; mobility; collaboration; and mentoring. In each case, field and gender differences are also taken into account. The last part of the book comprises conclusions and recommendations to relevant policy- and decision-makers on desirable changes to current research systems in Africa.

Scientists --- Research --- Education, Higher --- Professional employees --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Education

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This book invites readers to explore the nature of qualitative research, and to recognise the varied and conflicting forms it can take. It examines how these contrast with quantitative work, as well as how they differ from journalism and imaginative literature. The book describes various methodological philosophies that have shaped qualitative work, as well as different types of orientation to be found within it today. It offers clear definitions of key terms and concepts, and also a detailed exploration of recent disputes among qualitative researchers, with a view to showing how differences i

Qualitative research. --- Research. --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Qualitative analysis (Research) --- Qualitative methods (Research) --- Research

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Gesellschaften und ihre Herrschaftsapparate nutzten je nach Epoche und Kontext verschiedene Methoden der Selbstbeobachtung. Im Rahmen der Verwissenschaftlichung des Sozialen entwickelten sich Umfragen ab dem 19. Jahrhundert zum wichtigen Instrument der Produktion von Wissen über die Bevölkerung. Die Volkszählung als Urform kontinuierlicher Gesellschaftsbeobachtung bildet den Kern des Buches. Ausgehend von der Überlegung, dass sozialwissenschaftliche Konstruktionen die Wahrnehmungen und Ordnungen von Gesellschaft prägen, werden am britischen Beispiel Akteure, zentrale Methoden wie Interview, Fragebogen und Gesellschaftsklassifikationen sowie konkrete Fragen nach Race, Ethnicity und Disabilities untersucht. Das Buch verbindet Wissensgeschichte mit neuer Politikgeschichte. Denn Volkszählungsfragen konnten nicht einfach im Top-down-Verfahren vorgegeben werden, vielmehr entstanden sie im politischen Prozess, wurden im Zensusbüro formuliert und von der Bevölkerung eigenwillig beantwortet: Die Volkszählungs‚daten' waren Ergebnis einer zirkulären Wissensproduktion. Diese Geschichte sozialwissenschaftlicher Methoden führt ins Zentrum gegenwärtiger Debatten um Big Data und die Herausforderungen des digitalen Zeitalters. Denn die Idee, dass Menschen und Gesellschaften nichts weiter als die Summe ihrer Daten seien, ist im Kern der über 200-jährigen Methodengeschichte von Umfragen und Volkszählungen angelegt. This book gets to the heart of discussions on big data and the digital age. It presents the 200-year history of the idea that people and societies are nothing more than the sum total of the data collected by quantitative methodology. It describes this history in the context of censuses and survey research in Great Britain, focusing on the actors involved, methodology, social classifications, and questions about race, ethnicity and disabilities.

Social sciences --- Research. --- Great Britain --- Social science research --- History of knowledge. --- disabilities history. --- market and opinion research. --- modern political history. --- social observation. --- statistics.

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This open access book explores a range of new and older systems mapping methods focused on representing causal relationships in systems. In a practical manner, it describes the methods and considers the differences between them; describes how to use them yourself; describes how to choose between and combine them; considers the role of data, evidence, and stakeholder opinion; and describes how they can be useful in a range of policy and research settings. This book provides a key starting point and general-purpose resource for understanding complex adaptive systems in practical, actionable, and participatory ways. The book successfully meets the growing need in a range of social, environmental, and policy challenges for a richer more nuanced, yet actionable and participatory understanding of the world. The authors provide a clear framework to alleviate any confusion about the use of appropriate terms and methods, enhance the appreciation of the value they can bring, and clearly explain the differences between approaches and the resulting outputs of mapping processes and analysis.

Sociology --- Human geography --- Society & social sciences --- systems mapping --- complexity methods --- participatory modelling --- modelling --- complex systems --- social science research methods --- social science --- participatory systems mapping

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Die elf Beiträge des vorliegenden Sammelbandes behandeln Grundlagen und Lösungen zu unterschiedlichen Themen des Forschungsdatenmanagements, wie etwa zu Datentypen und Lebenszyklen von Daten, zur systematischen Planung und Umsetzung des Forschungsdatenmanagements, zum Datenschutz und den aktuellen Rechtsnormen, zu Regeln der Datenorganisation und zu den Abläufen in der Datenaufbereitung, zum Data Sharing sowie zur Sekundäranalyse von Forschungsdaten. Darauf aufbauend werden in weiteren Beiträgen die Anwendung von Metadaten sowie die Zitation von Forschungsdaten thematisiert. Aktuelle Herausforderungen beim Umgang mit ,neuen' Datentypen werden abschließend anhand von Social-Media- und Geo-Daten beispielhaft erörtert. Die dabei vorgestellten Konzepte und Maßnahmen bieten ein wichtiges Handwerkszeug für Sozialwissenschaftlerinnen und Sozialwissenschaftler und ihre Forschungsprojekte.

Social research & statistics --- Quantitative research. --- Research --- Data processing --- Management. --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Data analysis (Quantitative research) --- Exploratory data analysis (Quantitative research) --- Quantitative analysis (Research) --- Quantitative methods (Research) --- Data-Sharing --- Forschungsdaten --- Forschungsdatenmanagement --- Sozialwissenschaften --- Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung --- Data Sharing --- Research Data Management --- Social Science Research --- Social Sciences --- Research Data